Tenses
Present Perfect
- Present Perfect - diagram
- Present Perfect - forms of affirmative, negative, questions
- Present Perfect - signal words
- Present Perfect - special verbs
- Present Perfect - spelling
- Present Perfect - use
The spelling rules for Present Perfect Tense in building past participle of regular verbs.
| Rule | Infinitive | Past participle | |
| verbs ending with -e | -d | phone | phoned |
| smile | smiled | ||
| agree | agreed | ||
| lie | lied | ||
| verbs NOT ending with -e | -ed | ask | asked |
| clean | cleaned | ||
| follow | followed | ||
| video | videoed | ||
| verbs ending with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double their consonant | beg | begged | |
| rub | rubbed | ||
| in two-syllable verbs the last consonant double when the last syllable is stressed and it contains a single consonant preceded by vowel | prefer | preferred | |
| refer | referred | ||
| occur | occurred | ||
| -y turns into -i if it is preceded by a consonant | -ed | carry | carried |
| deny | denied | ||
| fry | fried | ||
| try | tried |
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